Psoralens are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds found in several plants, such as citrus fruits, vegetables, and figs. They belong to a broader class of compounds called furanocoumarins. Psoralens are known for their ability to interact with ultraviolet (UV) light, triggering a photosensitive reaction in the skin.
In medicine, psoralens are predominantly used in a form of treatment called psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. PUVA therapy involves the administration of psoralen either orally or topically, followed by exposure to UVA light. This combination stimulates a reaction in the skin, helping to treat various skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Psoralens work by binding to DNA and forming covalent bonds, which leads to interruptions in DNA replication and repair processes. This interference ultimately affects the cell cycle, leading to the suppression of cell division and proliferation. Additionally, psoralens have been found to possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, contributing to their therapeutic effects.
It is important to note that psoralens can have some adverse effects, including skin redness, nausea, headache, and increased sensitivity to sunlight. Due to their photosensitive nature, precautionary measures must be taken to limit exposure to natural sunlight or artificial sources of UV light during and after PUVA therapy.
In summary, psoralens are a class of organic compounds that, when combined with UVA light, are used in PUVA therapy for the treatment of various skin conditions. Their ability to interact with UV light and alter DNA processes makes them effective in suppressing immune responses and promoting healing.
