Proximal humeral fractures, also known as proximal humerus fractures, refer to fractures that occur in the upper part of the arm bone (humerus) near its attachment to the shoulder joint. The proximal humerus is the region closest to the body's center, where the humerus articulates with the scapula (shoulder blade) to form the shoulder joint. These fractures are commonly caused by trauma, such as a fall onto an outstretched arm or a direct blow to the shoulder.
Proximal humeral fractures can vary in severity, ranging from a simple crack in the bone to a complete fracture that causes the bone to separate into multiple pieces. The severity of the fracture depends on the force applied to the arm and the quality of the bone. These fractures are more common among older individuals, particularly women with osteoporosis, but can also occur in younger individuals due to sports-related injuries or accidents.
Symptoms of proximal humeral fractures include pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. In some cases, fragments of bone may be displaced, causing a visible deformity. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, X-rays, and sometimes more advanced imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the extent of the fracture.
Treatment for proximal humeral fractures varies depending on the severity of the fracture. Non-surgical options include immobilization with a sling, pain management, and physical therapy. Surgical interventions are considered for more severe fractures, which may involve realigning the bone fragments, using plates, screws, or wires to hold the bone in place, or in some cases, a total joint replacement. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are crucial for restoring shoulder function and minimizing complications
