Prostatic cancers, also known as prostate cancer, are malignant tumors that develop in the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum in males. The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm during ejaculation.
Prostate cancer occurs when normal cells in the prostate gland undergo genetic mutations, causing them to grow and multiply uncontrollably. These abnormal cells form a tumor that can invade nearby tissues or spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.
Symptoms of prostatic cancers may include difficulty urinating, weak urine flow, blood in the urine or semen, frequent urination, pain or discomfort in the pelvic area, and bone pain. However, early-stage prostate cancer often has no symptoms, emphasizing the importance of routine screening for early detection.
The risk factors for developing prostate cancer include age (most commonly affects men above 50 years), African-American ethnicity, family history of the disease, obesity, and certain genetic mutations.
The diagnosis of prostatic cancers typically involves a combination of a digital rectal examination to feel for abnormalities in the prostate gland and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test to measure the levels of a protein produced by prostate cells. Confirmation of cancer is usually obtained through a prostate biopsy.
Treatment options for prostate cancer depend on several factors, including the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, the patient's age and overall health. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities.
Regular check-ups and early detection are crucial for improved prognosis and successful treatment outcomes in cases of prostatic cancers.
