PROLYL HYDROXYLASE Meaning and
Definition
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Prolyl hydroxylase is an enzyme that plays a significant role in the process of post-translational modifications of proteins. Specifically, it acts on proline residues within the protein structure and catalyzes the addition of a hydroxyl group (-OH) to the proline amino acid. This enzymatic reaction is essential for the proper folding, stability, and function of various proteins in the body.
The prolyl hydroxylase enzyme is a member of the dioxygenase family, requiring molecular oxygen (O2) and alpha-ketoglutarate as cofactors for its activity. Additionally, it also utilizes ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a necessary cofactor to maintain its functionality. The hydroxylation of the proline residue by prolyl hydroxylase is a crucial step in the synthesis of collagen, the main structural protein in connective tissues, as it allows for the formation of stable triple helices.
Furthermore, prolyl hydroxylase is involved in the regulation of cellular responses to hypoxia (low oxygen conditions) by modulating the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins. This effect on HIF proteins leads to their degradation under normoxic conditions, preventing the expression of genes involved in oxygen delivery and glucose metabolism. By doing so, prolyl hydroxylase plays a vital role in maintaining oxygen homeostasis and influencing cellular adaptation to changing oxygen levels.
Overall, prolyl hydroxylase is a pivotal enzyme for protein modification, collagen synthesis, and the cellular response to oxygen levels. Its activity has implications in various physiological and pathological processes, making it a subject of interest for scientific research and potential therapeutic targeting.
Common Misspellings for PROLYL HYDROXYLASE
- orolyl hydroxylase
- lrolyl hydroxylase
- -rolyl hydroxylase
- 0rolyl hydroxylase
- peolyl hydroxylase
- pdolyl hydroxylase
- pfolyl hydroxylase
- ptolyl hydroxylase
- p5olyl hydroxylase
- p4olyl hydroxylase
- prilyl hydroxylase
- prklyl hydroxylase
- prllyl hydroxylase
- prplyl hydroxylase
- pr0lyl hydroxylase
- pr9lyl hydroxylase
- prokyl hydroxylase
- propyl hydroxylase
- prooyl hydroxylase
- proltl hydroxylase
Etymology of PROLYL HYDROXYLASE
The word "prolyl hydroxylase" is derived from two root terms: "prolyl" and "hydroxylase".
1. Prolyl: The term "prolyl" refers to the amino acid proline. Proline is one of the 20 standard amino acids that make up proteins. It is an essential component of many biological processes, including the folding of proteins and the stabilization of protein structures. The term "prolyl" indicates the involvement or action related to proline.
2. Hydroxylase: The term "hydroxylase" is derived from the word "hydroxyl". Hydroxyl refers to the functional group (-OH) consisting of an oxygen atom bonded covalently to a hydrogen atom. In the context of "prolyl hydroxylase", hydroxylase denotes an enzyme that introduces a hydroxyl group into a molecule.
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