Primate Immunodeficiency Virus (PIV) refers to a group of viruses that primarily infect primates, including humans, and often lead to immunodeficiency, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases. PIV belongs to the Lentivirus genus, which is part of the Retroviridae family. These viruses have a significant impact on the immune system, leading to progressive suppression of immune functions over time.
One of the most well-known examples of Primate Immunodeficiency Virus is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which primarily infects humans and causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). However, PIVs also infect other primate species, such as various species of monkeys and apes.
The transmission of Primate Immunodeficiency Viruses typically occurs through exposure to infected bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk. PIVs target specific immune cells, such as CD4+ T cells, lymphocytes that play a crucial role in coordinating immune responses. By infecting and replicating within these immune cells, PIVs progressively weaken the immune system, compromising the body's ability to defend against opportunistic infections and diseases.
The identification and study of Primate Immunodeficiency Viruses in non-human primates have played a vital role in understanding the pathogenesis and evolution of HIV in humans. Research on PIV has also contributed to the development of antiretroviral therapies and potential vaccine strategies to combat HIV/AIDS.
