Primate disease refers to any infectious or non-infectious ailment that affects members of the primate order, which includes humans, apes, monkeys, and prosimians. This category of diseases encompasses a wide range of conditions that can impact both wild and captive primate populations.
In terms of infectious primate diseases, they can be caused by various agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites. Examples include simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Ebola virus, tuberculosis, malaria, and simian herpes virus. These diseases can be transmitted between primates or from humans to primates, posing a risk to both primate conservation efforts and public health. They can cause significant morbidity and mortality, leading to population declines and disrupting ecosystems.
Non-infectious primate diseases cover a broad spectrum of conditions, including genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, autoimmune disorders, tumors, and behavioral disorders. These diseases often result from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Common non-infectious primate diseases include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Given the close genetic relationship between humans and non-human primates, studying and monitoring primate diseases can provide valuable insights into human health. Primate disease research contributes to the development of diagnostic tools, prevention strategies, and treatments for both human and primate populations. It also plays a crucial role in primate conservation efforts, understanding zoonotic disease transmission, and preserving biodiversity.
