The preen gland, found on birds, secretes an oily substance used for grooming and maintaining their plumage. Spelling of this word is straightforward, with "preen" pronounced /priːn/ and "gland" pronounced /ɡlænd/. The "preen" portion of the word comes from the Middle English word "prene", meaning to make oneself sleek or to trim feathers. The word "gland" comes from the Latin word "glāndula" meaning "little acorn" due to the shape of certain glands. Together, these two words form "preen gland", describing an essential anatomical feature found in birds.
A preen gland is a specialized gland found in many species of birds, including waterfowl, songbirds, and raptors. It is typically located near the base of the tail or on the upper surface of the wing. The primary function of the preen gland is the production and secretion of an oily substance called preen oil.
Preen oil is secreted by the preen gland and serves several important purposes for birds. Firstly, it acts as a natural conditioner for feathers, keeping them soft, flexible, and resistant to water. Feathers that are properly coated with preen oil are less likely to become waterlogged and lose their insulating properties, which is crucial for birds that spend significant time in aquatic environments or for maintaining body temperature during adverse weather conditions.
Secondly, preen oil plays a role in grooming and maintaining the integrity of feathers. Birds use their beaks to collect the oil from the preen gland and then spread it onto their feathers, ensuring that each feather is coated evenly. This action helps to remove dirt, dust, and parasites that may have accumulated on the feathers.
Overall, the preen gland and its secreted oil are essential for the overall health and function of a bird's plumage. They contribute to waterproofing, insulation, and the maintenance of feather quality.
The word "preen gland" is derived from the combination of two words: "preen" and "gland".
1. "Preen": The term "preen" originates from the Middle English word "prene", which means to "adorn" or "make oneself attractive". It can be traced back to the Old English word "preon", meaning "to pin" or "prune", which ultimately originates from the Latin word "prunus", meaning "plum tree". Over time, "preen" developed the meaning of grooming oneself, especially in reference to birds, who use their beaks to clean and arrange their feathers.
2. "Gland": The word "gland" comes from the Latin word "glandula", meaning "acorn" or "gland". The Latin term was used to describe the shape of certain structures found in the body, resembling the shape of acorns.