Pott disease, also known as Pott's disease or tuberculous spondylitis, is a chronic and destructive form of tuberculosis that affects the spine. It is named after Sir Percivall Pott, an English surgeon who first described the condition in the 18th century. Pott disease is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted through the air via respiratory droplets.
The disease primarily affects the vertebral bodies, resulting in the formation of granulation tissue and subsequent destruction of the bone. It commonly affects the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. The infection typically spreads from the lungs to the spine through the bloodstream or by direct extension from adjacent infected tissues.
The symptoms of Pott disease can vary but commonly include persistent back pain, spinal deformities such as kyphosis (a hunchback appearance), limited spinal mobility, and neurological complications due to spinal cord compression. These neurological symptoms may include numbness, weakness, or even paralysis in the lower extremities.
Diagnosis of Pott disease involves a combination of medical history, physical examination findings, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans, and laboratory tests to detect the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Treatment for Pott disease involves a lengthy course of anti-tuberculosis medications, typically taking several months or even years to complete. In some cases, surgery may be required to stabilize the spine, decompress the spinal cord, or correct spinal deformities.
Overall, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of spinal destruction and minimize complications associated with Pott disease.
