Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) is a critical medical term used to describe a therapeutic method employed in mechanical ventilation to support pulmonary function and oxygenation in patients experiencing respiratory distress or failure. It is the application of constant pressure to the airways during the expiratory phase of the breathing cycle, above atmospheric pressure.
PEEP is primarily used in patients with compromised lung function, such as those with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pneumonia. By adding positive pressure at the end of expiration, PEEP helps to stabilize alveoli and prevent their collapse, improving oxygenation and enhancing lung recruitment.
The application of PEEP in mechanical ventilation requires the use of specialized devices such as ventilators or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines. The level of the applied pressure varies depending on the patient's specific condition and is determined by medical professionals.
Although PEEP can be highly beneficial, it is crucial to monitor its effects closely. Excessive PEEP may lead to complications, such as reduced cardiac output, increased intrathoracic pressure, and barotrauma. Thus, healthcare providers need to strike a balance between optimizing oxygenation and preventing potential harm.
In summary, Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) is a medical technique used in mechanical ventilation to improve oxygenation and maintain lung function in patients with respiratory distress. It involves applying constant pressure to the airways during expiration, preventing alveolar collapse and enhancing oxygen exchange.
