Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a viral pathogen that affects pigs, causing respiratory and reproductive problems. It belongs to the family Arteriviridae and the order Nidovirales.
PRRSV is categorized into two main genotypes, European (Type 1) and North American (Type 2). Both genotypes cause similar clinical signs, with variations in the severity and intensity of symptoms. The virus is enveloped and has a single-stranded RNA genome.
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) is primarily characterized by respiratory issues, including coughing, sneezing, and difficulty in breathing. In younger pigs, PRRS can lead to more severe respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia. Additionally, PRRSV is known to cause reproductive issues in breeding sows, including abortions, stillbirths, and decreased litter sizes. The virus can also weaken the immune system, making pigs more susceptible to other infections.
Transmission of PRRSV occurs through direct contact between pigs or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces, equipment, or personnel. The virus can persist in pig facilities for an extended period, making control measures challenging. There is currently no specific treatment for PRRSV, but vaccination is available and can help reduce the severity of clinical signs and prevent transmission.
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus poses a significant economic burden on the swine industry worldwide due to reduced productivity and increased mortality rates. Therefore, preventive measures, such as strict biosecurity protocols, herd management, and vaccination, are essential in controlling and managing the spread of this virus.
