POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS Meaning and
Definition
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Polyomavirus infections define a group of infectious diseases caused by a family of DNA viruses known as the polyomaviruses. These viruses primarily infect humans and animals, resulting in a wide range of clinical presentations. Polyomavirus infections can be classified into various types, with the most common ones being BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV).
BK virus infections predominantly occur in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients or those with HIV/AIDS. They commonly lead to renal dysfunction, notably nephritis, leading to dysfunction of the transplanted kidney or renal failure. In immunocompetent individuals, BKV infections are usually asymptomatic or result in mild respiratory or urinary tract infections.
JC virus infections are mainly associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe neurological disorder affecting the brain. PML primarily affects immunosuppressed individuals, such as transplant recipients or patients with certain autoimmune diseases or advanced HIV infection.
Polyomavirus infections can spread from person to person through inhalation or ingestion of virus-containing respiratory or urinary secretions. However, the viruses usually remain latent in a significant portion of the population without causing any symptoms or complications.
Diagnosis of polyomavirus infections involves laboratory tests to detect viral DNA, proteins, or antibodies. Treatment primarily involves supportive care and management of symptoms, though antiviral therapies may be considered in severe cases.
Prevention of polyomavirus infections relies on maintaining good personal hygiene, such as regular handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and practicing safe sex. Additionally, immunization strategies may be developed in the future to help prevent these infections.
Common Misspellings for POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS
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Etymology of POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS
The word "Polyomavirus Infections" has its etymology as follows:
1. Polyomavirus: The term "polyomavirus" was coined by two virologists, Lennette and Sweet, in 1962. It originates from the Greek words "poly", meaning many, and "oma", meaning tumor, referring to the ability of polyomaviruses to induce tumors in experimental animals. These small DNA viruses were first identified by their association with tumors in mice.
2. Infections: The word "infections" comes from the Latin word "infectio", meaning contamination or the act of infecting. It refers to the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, or fungi, within a host organism, resulting in an illness or disease.
