Polymyositis is a rare and chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the skeletal muscles, leading to muscle weakness and inflammation. It is classified as an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, meaning that the exact cause is still unknown, but it is believed to be linked to an abnormal immune response.
In polymyositis, the immune system mistakenly attacks the muscle fibers, causing inflammation and subsequent muscle weakness, primarily in the proximal muscles of the limbs and trunk. This weakness can progress gradually over time, leading to difficulties in performing daily activities such as climbing stairs, rising from a sitting position, or lifting objects.
The symptoms of polymyositis usually include muscle weakness, fatigue, and potentially pain or tenderness in affected muscles. Other possible signs may include difficulty swallowing or breathing due to weakness in the muscles responsible for these functions. Polymyositis can also affect other body systems such as the joints, skin, lungs, and heart.
Diagnosis of polymyositis involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, blood tests, electromyography (EMG), and muscle biopsy. Treatment typically involves the use of medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or other drugs that aim to reduce inflammation and suppress the abnormal immune response. Physical therapy and exercise regimes may also be recommended to improve muscle strength and mobility.
Although polymyositis has no known cure, with appropriate treatment, symptoms can be managed, and the progression of the disease can be slowed. Regular medical care and monitoring are essential to adjust treatment plans and manage any potential complications associated with this condition.
