Polymyositides refer to a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic muscle inflammation, notably polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis primarily affects the skeletal muscles, leading to muscle weakness and difficulty in performing everyday activities, such as climbing stairs or getting up from a chair. Dermatomyositis, on the other hand, presents with similar muscle weakness symptoms but also involves skin manifestations like a rash on the face and extremities.
These diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own muscle tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. The exact cause of polymyositides is unknown, although it is believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Certain infections, medications, or exposure to ultraviolet radiation may contribute to the development of these conditions.
The symptoms of polymyositides typically progress gradually and can vary in severity among individuals. Apart from muscle weakness, individuals may experience muscle pain, fatigue, joint stiffness, and difficulty swallowing. Diagnosis usually involves a comprehensive evaluation of medical history, physical examination, blood tests measuring muscle enzyme levels, and imaging studies like electromyography.
The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms and promote muscle strength and function. It often involves a combination of medicaments, including corticosteroids to suppress the immune response, immunosuppressive drugs to control inflammation, and physical therapy tailored to enhance muscle strength and flexibility. In severe cases, hospitalization or intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may be necessary.
Overall, polymyositides are chronic autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle inflammation and weakness, necessitating comprehensive medical management to optimize quality of life and limit long-term complications.
