POLARITY OF TRANSCRIPTION Meaning and
Definition
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Polarity of transcription refers to the directionality of the synthesis of an RNA molecule during transcription in a living organism. Transcription is the process by which the DNA template is copied into an RNA molecule, and the polarity of transcription determines the sequential arrangement and orientation of the resulting RNA molecule.
In prokaryotic organisms, the polarity of transcription is unidirectional, meaning that the synthesis of RNA occurs in only one direction from a specific DNA strand. This DNA strand, referred to as the template strand, is transcribed into a complementary RNA molecule in a 5' to 3' direction. The other DNA strand, known as the non-template or coding strand, is not used as a template for transcription and maintains the same nucleotide sequence as the resulting RNA molecule, except with thymine (T) instead of uracil (U). This type of transcription polarity ensures the production of a single mRNA molecule that can be effectively translated into a protein.
In eukaryotic organisms, the polarity of transcription is bidirectional. Transcription occurs simultaneously in opposite directions on the two strands of DNA at multiple sites known as promoters. This bidirectional transcriptionality allows for the production of multiple RNA molecules called primary transcripts, which undergo further processing to produce different types of mature RNA molecules, such as mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
Overall, the polarity of transcription is a crucial aspect of genetic regulation as it determines the precise arrangement and orientation of RNA molecules, which ultimately influences the functioning and gene expression of an organism.
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