Platinoids, also known as platinum-group metals (PGMs), are a category of six metallic elements found in the same region of the periodic table. The group consists of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), and ruthenium (Ru). These elements share similar properties, including their high melting points, resistance to corrosion, and catalytic abilities.
Platinoids are highly valued for their various industrial applications, particularly in the automotive, chemical, and electrical industries. They are commonly used in catalytic converters for vehicles to minimize harmful emissions, as well as in the production of fine chemicals and high-strength alloys. Due to their exceptional resistance to heat and corrosion, platinoids are often utilized in the construction of laboratory equipment and electrical contacts for high-temperature applications. Additionally, their catalytic properties make them indispensable in numerous chemical reactions, such as hydrogenation and oxidation processes.
The scarcity and high demand for platinoids contribute to their significant value in the market. These elements are primarily obtained as by-products from mining operations of platinum and nickel sulfide ores. However, their extraction and refining processes can be laborious and costly due to their low natural abundance. As a result, platinoids are regarded as highly precious and sought-after materials, with prices often surpassing those of other precious metals like gold and silver.
In summary, platinoids encompass a group of six metallic elements known for their exceptional physical and chemical properties. With diverse applications spanning various industries, these elements play a crucial role in the development of numerous technological advancements and are highly valued for their industrial significance and scarcity.
