The word "pitchpole" is spelled /ˈpɪtʃpəʊl/. The first part "pitch" is pronounced as /pɪtʃ/ which rhymes with "itch". It refers to the sudden, forward throwing of a boat or ship. The second part "pole" is pronounced as /pəʊl/ which rhymes with "role". It refers to the tall, mast-like structures that hold up sails. Together, "pitchpole" refers to a dangerous incident in which a boat or ship is thrown forward and upended. Its spelling comes from the English language's tendency to combine two related words to create a new one.
Pitchpole is a nautical term that refers to a type of capsize in which a boat or vessel is thrown end over end, usually caused by a combination of unfavorable sailing conditions and improper handling. It is a dangerous and violent event that typically occurs in rough seas, strong winds, or during stormy weather. The word "pitchpole" derives from the action of a boat being propelled forward by a wave, causing the bow (front) or stern (back) to dive into the water and then suddenly flip the entire vessel upside down.
During a pitchpole, the boat's momentum is abruptly halted and reversed as it rotates vertically, often rolling completely upside down, with the bow or stern eventually rising to the surface again. This can cause severe damage to the vessel and poses a significant risk to the crew onboard. The forceful nature of a pitchpole can endanger the lives of those on board due to the potential for injuries from impact or entrapment, as well as the risk of drowning if the crew cannot escape the overturned boat.
Pitchpole incidents are particularly prevalent among smaller sailboats or racing vessels that have a high center of gravity or a lack of stability. To minimize the likelihood of a pitchpole, sailors need to be adept at reading and reacting to changing weather and sea conditions, employing proper sail trim, and ensuring the boat remains balanced.
The word "pitchpole" has nautical origins. It comes from the combination of two words: "pitch" and "pole".
1. "Pitch": This word originated from Middle English "pichen" and Old English "pician", which means "to thrust in, to thrust forward". Over time, it took on various meanings related to thrusting, tossing, or plunging, particularly in a violent or sudden way. In the context of nautical terminology, "pitch" refers to the sudden upward or downward motion of a ship caused by a wave or other external force.
2. "Pole": The word "pole" refers to a long, slender, cylindrical object, typically made of wood or metal. In the context of sailing, a "pole" is often used with a sail to provide additional support or control, such as a spinnaker pole used to hold out a spinnaker sail.