PISTON Meaning and
Definition
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A piston is a mechanical component commonly used in an internal combustion engine. It is a cylindrical object that moves back and forth inside a cylinder, transferring the force generated by the combustion process to the crankshaft. The piston is sealed within the cylinder using piston rings to create a tight fit, preventing leakage of gases and ensuring efficient engine operation.
Typically made of lightweight and durable materials such as aluminum or steel, a piston consists of several key parts. The crown or head of the piston is the top flattened surface that comes into direct contact with the combustion gases. The skirt is the lower part of the piston that guides the movement within the cylinder. The wrist pin, also known as the piston pin or gudgeon pin, connects the piston to the connecting rod, allowing for the reciprocal motion.
As the fuel-air mixture ignites, the expanding gases push the piston downwards, converting the thermal energy into mechanical work. This downward movement is known as the power stroke, while the upward stroke is called the compression stroke. The piston continuously reciprocates between these two strokes, driving the crankshaft and ultimately transferring power to the wheels or propelling a machine.
In addition to its crucial role in enabling the combustion process, modern pistons often feature designs that enhance fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve overall engine performance. The intricacies of piston design and its interaction with other engine components make it a vital element in the functioning of internal combustion engines.
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The plunger in a pump or steam-engine; a strong short rod of wood or iron, solid or hollow, with a valve fitted at the bottom, made to fit exactly the barrel of a pump, or the cylinder of a steam-engine, and to work up and down in it.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
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Etymology of PISTON
The word "piston" has its origin in the Middle French word "pistoun", which further derives from the Medieval Latin word "pistonnus". The Medieval Latin term was likely influenced by the Latin word "pistus", which means "pounded" or "crushed". The concept of the piston is closely associated with the action of pounding or crushing, thus giving rise to its name.
Similar spelling words for PISTON
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