Pronunciation: [fˈɒkə͡ʊnə sˈa͡ɪnəs] (IPA) 
The spelling of the word "phocoena sinus" can be confusing due to its unique combination of letters. The word is pronounced as /ˌfoʊˈsiːnə ˈsaɪnəs/ and refers to a species of dolphin found in the Black Sea. The "phocoena" part of the word comes from the Greek word for porpoise, while "sinus" is Latin for bay or gulf. The correct spelling of the word is essential for accurate communication in scientific circles.
Phocoena sinus, commonly known as the vaquita, is a species of porpoise that is native to the Gulf of California, Mexico. It is considered the world's most critically endangered marine mammal, with an estimated population of fewer than 10 individuals as of 2021.
The name "phocoena sinus" is derived from the Latin words "phocoena," which means "porpoise," and "sinus," which means "bay" or "gulf." This name perfectly describes the habitat preference of the vaquita, as it is typically found in shallow, murky coastal waters of the upper Gulf of California.
The vaquita is a small cetacean that measures about 4 to 5 feet in length and weighs around 100 pounds. It has a robust body with a rounded head and a distinctive dark ring around its eye. Its skin is gray with dark patches and it possesses powerful flippers that aid in swimming.
One of the main threats to the vaquita's survival is accidental entanglement in fishing nets, particularly from the illegal gillnet fishing used to catch another critically endangered species, the totoaba fish. The vaquita is also affected by habitat degradation and pollution in its limited range.
Conservation efforts are being made to protect and conserve the remaining vaquitas, including the implementation of fishing restrictions, habitat conservation measures, and the rescue and relocation of captured individuals to a protected sanctuary. However, the future of this species remains uncertain, making immediate action crucial for its survival.
