How Do You Spell PHENYLPROPANOID BIOSYNTHESIS?

Pronunciation: [fˌiːna͡ɪlpɹˈə͡ʊpɐnˌɔ͡ɪd bˌa͡ɪə͡ʊsˈɪnθəsˌɪs] (IPA)

Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is a complex word that relates to a pathway that produces various types of phenylpropanoids. The word is spelled as [fɛˌnɪlproʊˈpeɪnɔɪd baɪoʊˌsɪnθəsɪs] in IPA phonetic transcription. In this word, 'phenyl' is spelled as [fɛˌnɪl], 'propanoid' is spelled as [proʊˈpeɪnɔɪd], and 'biosynthesis' is spelled as [baɪoʊˌsɪnθəsɪs]. The IPA transcription helps to break down the word's pronunciation into individual parts, making it easier to understand and pronounce.

Meaning and Definition
Etymology
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PHENYLPROPANOID BIOSYNTHESIS Meaning and Definition

  1. Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in plants and is responsible for the production of a group of chemical compounds known as phenylpropanoids. Phenylpropanoids are a diverse class of natural products that have significant physiological functions in plants, such as protection against pathogens and environmental stresses.

    This biosynthetic pathway involves the transformation of a common precursor molecule called phenylalanine, which is an amino acid, into various phenylpropanoid compounds. The pathway consists of a series of enzymatic reactions that catalyze the conversion of phenylalanine into intermediate compounds such as cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, and caffeic acid.

    These intermediates can further undergo specific enzymatic modifications, such as methylation, hydroxylation, and glycosylation, to produce a wide range of phenylpropanoids including flavonoids, lignins, lignans, and many other secondary metabolites. These compounds not only provide structural support but also play crucial roles in plant defense systems, UV protection, pigmentation, and signaling.

    Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is a highly regulated process, with the expression and activity of different enzymes being controlled by various internal and external factors, including developmental stage, hormone signaling, light conditions, and biotic or abiotic stresses. Understanding the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is crucial for elucidating the role of phenylpropanoids in plant physiology and for the development of novel strategies to enhance plant responses to environmental challenges or to produce valuable compounds with industrial or pharmaceutical applications.

Etymology of PHENYLPROPANOID BIOSYNTHESIS

The word "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" can be broken down into its components to understand its etymology:

1. Phenyl: This word originates from the Greek word "phaino", meaning "to show" or "to appear". It denotes a compound or group derived from benzene.

2. Propanoid: The term "propanoid" refers to compounds derived from propionic acid, which is a three-carbon carboxylic acid.

3. Biosynthesis: This word is a combination of "bio", meaning "life", and "synthesis", meaning "together" or "bring together". Biosynthesis refers to the production or formation of a compound within a living organism.

Therefore, "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" refers to the process of producing or synthesizing compounds derived from benzene and propionic acid within a living organism.