Pernio, also known as chilblains, is a medical condition characterized by localized inflammation and irritation of the skin, usually occurring due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. It is a type of dermatitis that primarily affects the extremities, such as the fingers, toes, ears, and nose.
Pernio is caused by the body's abnormal reaction to cold, leading to a decreased blood supply in the affected areas. This results in the formation of small, itchy, and painful red or purple lesions on the skin, which may appear swollen, inflamed, and tender. These lesions can manifest as bumps, blisters, or ulcers, and may become more severe and develop into open sores if left untreated.
Symptoms of pernio typically include itching, burning sensation, pain, and swelling. The condition often worsens with exposure to cold air or abrupt temperature changes. While pernio can cause discomfort, it is rarely serious or life-threatening, and most cases resolve on their own within a few weeks to months.
Treatment for pernio involves keeping the affected areas warm, avoiding further exposure to cold temperatures, and practicing proper skin care. Topical creams or ointments may be prescribed to relieve itching and inflammation. In severe cases, oral medications may be recommended. Preventive measures, such as wearing warm clothing, insulating extremities, and gradually acclimatizing to cold weather, can help reduce the risk of developing pernio.
