Peripheral venous catheterization refers to the medical procedure of inserting a thin hollow tube, known as a catheter, into a peripheral vein, usually in the arm or hand, to administer medications, fluids, or draw blood. It is a common method employed in healthcare settings for various purposes.
The process of peripheral venous catheterization involves first preparing the area around the chosen vein, typically the arm, by cleansing it with an antiseptic solution. A healthcare professional then uses a sterile needle to puncture the skin and locate a suitable vein. Once the vein is accessed, the needle is withdrawn, and a flexible plastic catheter is threaded through the needle into the vein. The catheter is secured in place by adhesive, tape, or a device called a securement device.
Peripheral venous catheterizations are commonly used to deliver medications, such as antibiotics, analgesics, or chemotherapy drugs, directly into the bloodstream. They are also utilized to provide intravenous fluids to rehydrate patients, replace lost blood volume, or maintain fluid balance during surgery or other medical procedures. Additionally, peripheral venous catheters allow for blood sampling, making it easier for healthcare professionals to monitor a patient's overall health status and obtain necessary laboratory tests.
While peripheral venous catheterization is generally safe and minimally invasive, complications can occur. Some potential risks include infection at the insertion site, phlebitis (inflammation of the vein), infiltration (when fluids or medications leak into the surrounding tissue), or occlusion (blockage of the catheter). It is crucial for healthcare practitioners to closely monitor patients with peripheral venous catheters to detect and promptly address any adverse events that may arise.
