The word "periodical cicada" is spelled [pɪriˈɑdɪkəl saɪˈkeɪdə] in IPA phonetic transcription. The word "periodical" refers to the cicada's unique life cycle where they emerge from the ground every 17 or 13 years. The spelling of "cicada" comes from its original Greek name, "kikádas" which was later adopted by Latin and then English. The phonetics of "periodical" highlights the emphasis on the first syllable, and "cicada" is pronounced with a hard "c" sound followed by "i" as in "kick."
A periodical cicada, also known as a "seventeen-year locust," is a distinctive insect species that belongs to the family Cicadidae. It is characterized by its unique life cycle and intermittent emergence from the ground in massive numbers, creating a phenomenon known as a brood.
These cicadas spend most of their lives underground as nymphs, feeding on the sap from plant roots. They remain hidden for an extended period, usually either 13 or 17 years, depending on the species. When the time is right, large populations of periodical cicadas simultaneously emerge, transforming into winged adults. This synchronized emergence is what sets them apart from other cicada species.
Adult periodical cicadas typically have transparent wings with distinct veining patterns. Their bodies are robust and marked with prominent red eyes and blackish to brownish exoskeletons. The males produce a loud and distinctive buzzing or droning sound by vibrating their tymbals, specialized organs located on the sides of their abdomen. This sound serves as a mating call to attract females.
During their short adult stage, which often lasts around four to six weeks, the periodical cicadas reproduce and lay eggs in tree branches. Once the eggs hatch, the young nymphs fall to the ground and burrow themselves, commencing the start of a new cycle. These insects play a vital role in their ecosystem by aerating the soil and providing a food source for various predators.
The emergence of periodical cicadas is a fascinating natural event that has intrigued scientists and nature enthusiasts for centuries, as they provide a remarkable example of biological synchrony and adaptation to their environment.
The word "periodical" in the term "periodical cicada" refers to the periodic emergence of these cicadas in large numbers. The etymology of "periodical" stems from the Latin word "periodicus" which means "pertaining to a period". It is derived from the Greek word "periodikos" which means "recurring", formed from the combination of "peri" meaning "around" and "hodos" meaning "way" or "journey".
Regarding the word "cicada", its etymology traces back to the Latin word "cicada" itself, which denotes this type of insect. It is believed to originate from the Greek word "tettix" which is also used to describe a cicada.