Periodic Alternating Nystagmus (PAN) is a medical condition characterized by repetitive, involuntary eye movements that cyclically oscillate or alternate in direction. Nystagmus refers to the uncontrolled rhythmic motion of the eyes, and in the case of PAN, this pattern of movement occurs periodically.
PAN typically manifests as a horizontal jerk nystagmus that changes direction and speed in a regular and consistent manner. The oscillation can be observed while the individual's eyes are open, but it often becomes more noticeable when focusing on objects in the peripheral vision. The alternating movements may occur spontaneously or as a response to certain visual stimuli or body positions.
The exact cause of PAN is not fully understood. While it can be present from birth, it may also develop later in life due to various factors such as genetic predisposition, neurological disorders, or potential damage to specific regions of the brain that control eye movement.
Symptoms of PAN can include blurred vision, difficulty in tracking moving objects, and an impaired ability to maintain steady gaze. These eye movements can also lead to dizziness, unsteadiness, and even problems with balance.
Treatment for PAN primarily focuses on managing underlying conditions that may contribute to its development. Medications, vision therapy, and sometimes surgery are potential approaches to reduce the severity or impact of PAN. Additionally, individuals with PAN are often advised to avoid triggering factors such as extreme head positions or excessive visual stimulation.
In conclusion, Periodic Alternating Nystagmus is a neurological condition characterized by rhythmic and alternating eye movements that occur periodically and may result in visual disturbances and balance difficulties.
