PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA Meaning and
Definition
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Parathyroid hyperplasia is a medical condition characterized by the excessive growth or enlargement of the parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands located in the neck, usually situated behind the thyroid gland. These glands are responsible for producing and secreting parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body.
In cases of parathyroid hyperplasia, the parathyroid glands undergo abnormal cell proliferation, resulting in an overproduction of PTH. This excessive hormone secretion disrupts the normal balance of calcium and phosphorus within the body. Elevated levels of PTH lead to increased calcium release from bones, enhanced absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, and decreased excretion of calcium through the kidneys. Consequently, this condition induces a state of hypercalcemia, or high levels of calcium in the blood.
Parathyroid hyperplasia is commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, a disorder characterized by the inappropriate functioning of the parathyroid glands. Symptoms of parathyroid hyperplasia may include fatigue, muscle weakness, kidney stones, bone pain, increased urination, constipation, nausea, and depression. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure calcium, phosphorus, and PTH levels.
Treatment for parathyroid hyperplasia often involves the surgical removal of the enlarged parathyroid glands. This can help restore normal calcium and phosphorus levels, alleviating the associated symptoms and reducing the risk of complications such as kidney damage and osteoporosis.
Etymology of PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA
The word "parathyroid" is derived from the Greek words "para" meaning "beside" and "thyreos" meaning "shield" (referring to the shape of the thyroid gland). "Hyperplasia" is also derived from Greek, with "hyper" meaning "excess" and "plasis" meaning "growth".
Therefore, "parathyroid hyperplasia" refers to the excessive growth or enlargement of the parathyroid glands, which are small glands located near or attached to the thyroid gland in the neck.
