PANETH CELLS Meaning and
Definition
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Paneth cells are specialized cells found within the small intestine's epithelium, particularly in the crypts of Lieberkühn. These cells are named after the Austrian physiologist Joseph Paneth, who first discovered them in 1888. Paneth cells have unique features and functions that contribute to the intestinal immune defense system.
Paneth cells are characterized by their distinctive secretory granules that contain various antimicrobial substances. These granules contain molecules such as lysozyme, defensins, phospholipase A2, and angiogenin-4, which play crucial roles in protecting the intestinal epithelium from pathogenic bacteria and maintaining gut homeostasis. Lysozyme, for example, has potent bactericidal properties, while defensins can disrupt bacterial cell membranes.
The secretion of these antimicrobial molecules by Paneth cells is largely regulated by signals from neighboring immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages. Furthermore, Paneth cells also release certain growth factors that are essential for the maintenance and renewal of the intestinal stem cell niche.
Dysfunction or abnormalities in Paneth cells have been associated with several intestinal disorders, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Alterations in Paneth cell function can lead to an impaired immune defense system and an altered microbial composition, which may contribute to chronic inflammation and disease progression.
In summary, Paneth cells are specialized cells found in the small intestine that release antimicrobial substances to protect against pathogenic bacteria and maintain gut homeostasis. They play a crucial role in the intestinal immune defense system and have implications in various intestinal disorders.
Common Misspellings for PANETH CELLS
- oaneth cells
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- panefh cells
Etymology of PANETH CELLS
The word "Paneth cells" is named after Joseph Paneth, an Austrian physician and bacteriologist. Joseph Paneth discovered these specialized cells in the early 20th century while studying the intestinal tissue. As a tribute to his contributions and discoveries in the field of gastroenterology, these unique cells were named after him.
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