PANETH CELL Meaning and
Definition
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A Paneth cell is a specialized secretory cell found within the lining of the small intestine, particularly in the crypts of Lieberkühn. These cells are named after Josef Paneth, an Austrian physician who first described them in the late 19th century. Paneth cells play a crucial role in maintaining and supporting the functioning of the intestinal immune system.
These cells are characterized by their pyramidal shape and basophilic granules that contain potent antimicrobial peptides, such as lysozyme, alpha-defensins, and phospholipase A2. The antimicrobial peptides secreted by Paneth cells provide protection against invading microorganisms by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi in the intestinal lumen. Additionally, they contribute to the regulation of the gut microbiota and the prevention of bacterial overgrowth.
Moreover, Paneth cells are involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses and the regulation of stem cell homeostasis within the intestinal crypts. They produce various growth factors and cytokines, including transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which are essential for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and promoting epithelial cell growth.
In summary, Paneth cells are specialized secretory cells within the small intestinal crypts that play a critical role in the innate immune defense of the gut. Their secreted antimicrobial peptides contribute to the regulation of the gut microbiota and the prevention of bacterial overgrowth. Furthermore, they participate in the modulation of inflammatory responses and support the growth and maintenance of the intestinal epithelium.
Common Misspellings for PANETH CELL
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- panegh cell
Etymology of PANETH CELL
The word "Paneth cell" is named after the Austrian physician Joseph Paneth, who first described these specialized cells in the late 19th century. The term "Paneth" is derived from his surname as a way to honor his contribution to the field of histology.
