Ostraciidae, commonly known as boxfish or cowfish, is a family of marine fish belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes. This group of fish is characterized by their unique box-like, cubic-shaped bodies, which are covered in hard, bony plates. They typically have small, mouth-like openings, small eyes, and rigid, triangular fins.
The Ostraciidae family comprises about 25 recognized species, found predominantly in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, although some species can also be found in the Atlantic Ocean. They are primarily found in shallow reefs and lagoons, where they dwell among coral formations or rocky areas.
These fish are herbivorous, feeding mainly on algae, sponges, and small invertebrates found on the substrate or attached to rocks and corals. They have a specialized plate-like pharynx that allows them to crush and grind their food, hence their alternative name of "cowfish."
Ostraciidae are known for their vibrant colors, which often consist of a combination of bright yellows, blues, oranges, and whites, serving as a warning mechanism or camouflage against potential predators. Generally, boxfish are considered docile and non-aggressive, although their bites can produce painful injuries as they possess strong, sharp teeth.
Due to their striking appearance and calm behavior, boxfish are popular among aquarium enthusiasts. However, they require specific conditions, such as a well-established tank with ample hiding spaces and a steady supply of algae-based food, to thrive in captivity.
