ORGANISM CLONING Meaning and
Definition
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Organism cloning refers to the process of creating an exact copy, or clone, of an organism by replicating its genetic material. It involves producing genetically identical individuals, including plants, animals, or microorganisms, using various scientific techniques. This cloning process can be achieved through different methods such as somatic cell nuclear transfer, artificial embryo twinning, or gene cloning.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a commonly used technique in organism cloning, which involves taking a somatic cell (any cell in an organism except for cells involved in reproduction) and transferring its nucleus into an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. This nucleus contains the genetic information of the original organism, and when it is inserted into the egg, it can develop into an embryo that is genetically identical to the original organism.
Artificial embryo twinning, on the other hand, involves separating a fertilized embryo into two or more portions, each of which can develop into a separate individual organism. This method is commonly used for cloning plants and some animal species.
Another technique used in organism cloning is gene cloning, also known as reproductive cloning, which involves isolating a specific gene or genes, replicating them, and inserting them into a host organism to produce clones with desired traits.
Organism cloning has both scientific and practical applications. It allows scientists to study genetic traits, investigate the role of specific genes, and understand the mechanisms behind various biological processes. From a practical standpoint, cloning can have applications in agriculture, medicine, and conservation, such as producing livestock with desirable traits, creating genetically modified organisms for therapeutic purposes, or preserving endangered species.
Common Misspellings for ORGANISM CLONING
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Etymology of ORGANISM CLONING
The etymology of the term "organism cloning" can be broken down as follows:
1. Organism: The word "organism" originated from the Greek word "organismos", which means "organic structure" or "living being". It is derived from the Greek word "organon", meaning "tool" or "instrument". It entered the English language in the mid-19th century.
2. Cloning: The term "clone" has its roots in the Greek word "klōn", which means "twig" or "branch". It was first used in a botanical context to refer to a piece of a plant that is rooted to create a new individual. The term "clone" was later adopted in the late 20th century to describe the process of creating genetically identical copies of organisms.
Therefore, the term "organism cloning" refers to the replication of an entire organism, resulting in genetically identical copies.
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