Orchitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of one or both testicles, which are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone. This inflammatory condition can occur as a result of various causes, including infection, trauma, or autoimmune disorders.
In infectious orchitis, the inflammation is typically caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Common infectious agents include mumps, sexually transmitted infections (such as gonorrhea or chlamydia), or urinary tract infections that spread to the testicles. Traumatic orchitis can result from direct injury to the testicles, such as during sports or accidents. Autoimmune orchitis is associated with the body's immune system mistakenly attacking healthy testicular tissue.
Symptoms of orchitis often include pain and swelling in the affected testicles, which may feel tender or warm to the touch. Other possible symptoms include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and discomfort in the lower abdomen or groin area.
Diagnosing orchitis typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and potentially blood tests or imaging studies. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause, such as administering antibiotics for bacterial infections or antivirals for viral infections. Other measures to relieve symptoms may include pain medication, bed rest, cold compresses, and wearing supportive underwear.
If left untreated, orchitis can lead to complications, including abscess formation, chronic testicular inflammation, infertility, or even testicular atrophy (shrinkage). Seeking prompt medical attention and following prescribed treatment is crucial for a timely resolution of the condition and prevention of future complications.
