Orbital inflammatory pseudotumors (OIPT) refer to non-neoplastic, localized inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the eye socket or orbit. These conditions are often characterized by the formation of tumor-like masses or nodules, which can lead to swelling, pain, and visual disturbances. OIPT can affect individuals of any age, but they are more commonly seen in middle-aged adults.
The exact cause of OIPT is still unclear, but it is widely believed to be an immune-mediated response or a result of chronic infection. Inflammatory cells infiltrate the affected tissues, leading to the formation of granulomas and fibrosis. OIPT can be idiopathic or associated with various underlying conditions like autoimmune disorders, infections, or recent trauma.
Symptoms of OIPT vary depending on the location and extent of the inflammation. Common signs include eyelid swelling, redness, pain, limited eye movement, blurred vision, and occasionally, diplopia. The diagnosis of OIPT often involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging techniques (such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), and biopsy for histopathological examination.
Treatment options for OIPT include medications like corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. Immunosuppressive agents may be used in more severe or refractory cases. Surgical intervention might be necessary in situations where vision is compromised or to obtain tissue samples for definitive diagnosis. The prognosis for patients with OIPT is generally favorable, with most individuals responding well to treatment and experiencing resolution of symptoms. However, long-term follow-up is recommended to monitor for disease recurrence or associated complications.
