Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the presence of uncontrolled, rapid and random eye movements known as opsoclonus, accompanied by involuntary muscle jerks or contractions called myoclonus. OMS usually occurs in infants and young children, but it can also affect adults.
Opsoclonus refers to the absence of steady fixation due to the involuntary and irregular movements of the eyes in all directions. These eye movements are chaotic and typically occur simultaneously, making it difficult for the person to maintain focus or track objects. Myoclonus involves sudden, brief, shock-like contractions of muscles that can affect various parts of the body, including the limbs, face, and trunk.
The exact cause of OMS is still unknown, although it is commonly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes (abnormal immune response triggered by cancer), viral or bacterial infections, as well as certain unidentified genetic factors. Symptoms of OMS may also be accompanied by irritability, ataxia (impaired coordination and balance), speech difficulties, sleep disturbances, developmental delays, and behavioral changes.
OMS is typically diagnosed through clinical observation of the characteristic eye and muscle movements. Additional diagnostic tests, such as brain imaging, EEG, and blood tests, may be conducted to rule out other possible causes. Treatment usually involves a multidisciplinary approach involving immunotherapy, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, or other immunosuppressive medications. Physical and occupational therapy, as well as supportive care, are also essential for managing the symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life.
