Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by uncontrollable eye movements (opsoclonus) and sudden, brief muscle contractions (myoclonus). This syndrome primarily affects children, but it can also occur in adults. OMS is often associated with an underlying tumor or infection, although in some cases the exact cause is unknown.
Opsoclonus refers to rapid, involuntary, and chaotic eye movements that occur in all directions. These eye movements are not purposeful and can cause difficulty in maintaining visual fixation. Myoclonus, on the other hand, refers to sudden jerking or twitching of muscles. In OMS, myoclonus can affect various muscle groups, resulting in brief movements such as limb jerking or whole-body tremors.
Apart from eye movements and myoclonus, individuals with OMS may also experience other symptoms such as ataxia (uncoordinated movements), irritability, sleep disturbance, developmental regression, and cognitive impairment. While the eye movements and myoclonus may improve over time, other symptoms can persist and lead to long-term disabilities in some cases.
The treatment of OMS often involves addressing the underlying cause, if known, and managing the symptoms. This may include immunotherapy to suppress the abnormal immune response, removal of the tumor if present, and supportive measures to alleviate symptoms. Physical therapy and occupational therapy may be utilized to improve muscle control and coordination.
OMS is a complex disorder that requires specialized medical care and ongoing management to optimize outcomes for affected individuals.
