Nosocomial is an adjective that refers to something originating or occurring within a hospital or healthcare facility. It specifically pertains to diseases or infections acquired by a patient during their stay in a healthcare institution. The term "nosocomial" is derived from the Greek words "nosos" meaning disease, and "komeion" meaning lodging.
When a patient is admitted to a hospital, they are exposed to various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Despite the strict infection control measures implemented in healthcare settings, these organisms can still spread and cause hospital-acquired infections, which are referred to as nosocomial infections. Such infections can be transmitted through direct contact, contaminated surfaces, medical devices, or even through the air.
Nosocomial infections may affect various body systems, leading to conditions such as urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and more. These infections can significantly prolong hospital stays, increase healthcare costs, and pose a risk of morbidity and mortality. Due to the higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms within healthcare settings, nosocomial infections may be more challenging to treat compared to community-acquired infections.
Preventive measures like strict hand hygiene, proper sterilization and disinfection practices, appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and adherence to infection control protocols help mitigate the risk of nosocomial infections. These measures aim to create a safe healthcare environment for both patients and healthcare workers, reducing the burden of nosocomial infections and promoting patient well-being.
