Nervous system Lyme disease, also known as neuroborreliosis, refers to an infection caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. This bacterial infection primarily affects the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. Lyme disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks, commonly known as deer ticks.
The symptoms of nervous system Lyme disease can vary and may develop in three stages. In the early stage, patients may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. As the infection progresses, symptoms may include neurological problems such as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), cranial neuropathies (nerve damage affecting the face), and peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage in the limbs).
Late-stage symptoms of nervous system Lyme disease can include severe fatigue, memory problems, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, and even mood changes. In some cases, neurological Lyme disease can lead to more serious complications such as facial paralysis, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), or inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis).
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics are crucial for managing nervous system Lyme disease. Laboratory tests, such as blood tests and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, can help confirm the presence of the bacterium and guide appropriate treatment. If left untreated, nervous system Lyme disease can result in long-term neurological complications, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment to ensure a successful recovery.
