Nervous system Lyme borreliosis, also known as neuroborreliosis, refers to a condition caused by the transmission of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, typically through the bite of infected ticks. This bacterial infection can affect the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, leading to a range of neurological symptoms.
The nervous system Lyme borreliosis occurs when the bacterium enters the bloodstream and spreads to the CNS. The bacteria can cause inflammation and damage to the protective tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges. This can result in a condition known as meningitis, characterized by symptoms such as severe headache, neck stiffness, and sensitivity to light.
In addition to meningitis, nervous system Lyme borreliosis can manifest as a variety of neurological symptoms, including facial paralysis, pain, weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and disturbances in sleep patterns. In severe cases, it can lead to cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms.
Diagnosis of nervous system Lyme borreliosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, examination of symptoms, and laboratory tests. Treatment usually involves the use of antibiotics, such as doxycycline or ceftriaxone, to eliminate the bacteria from the body.
Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications and serious neurological damage associated with nervous system Lyme borreliosis. Timely and effective treatment can lead to a significant improvement in symptoms and overall prognosis.
