NEOTTIA Meaning and
Definition
-
Neottia is a genus of terrestrial orchids belonging to the family Orchidaceae. It comprises around 40 recognized species that are widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Europe and Asia. Neottia orchids are commonly known as twayblades, due to the characteristic arrangement of their paired leaves.
These orchids grow in various habitats, including forests, meadows, marshes, and grasslands. They are usually small in size, with unassuming flowers that lack distinct coloration or ornate patterns. Neottia blooms typically consist of multiple small flowers arranged in a dense inflorescence, forming a spike-like cluster. The flowers often have a tubular shape and may exhibit shades of green, yellow, or brown.
Unlike many other orchids, neottias lack the ability to produce their own nutrients through photosynthesis. Instead, they are mycoheterotrophic, meaning they form a symbiotic relationship with certain species of fungi. Through their specialized roots, neottias extract nutrients from these fungi, deriving their sustenance indirectly from the surrounding soil and decaying matter.
Due to their unique biology and specialized habitat requirements, neottia orchids often have specific associations with particular fungal species, thereby playing a crucial role in local ecosystems. Furthermore, their inconspicuous appearance and relatively small flowers make them less noticeable to pollinators, leading to a reliance on self-pollination for reproductive success.
Etymology of NEOTTIA
The word "neottia" comes from the Greek noun "neottios", which means "a kind of orchid". It is derived from the Greek word "neos", meaning "new", and the Greek word "otis", which means "ear". This is because the shape of the orchid's flower was thought to resemble a human ear. The name was first given to the genus Neottia by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in the mid-18th century.
