Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive analytical technique based on the interaction of near infrared light with matter. It involves the measurement and analysis of the absorption, reflection, and transmission of near infrared light by a sample or substance. The near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges roughly from 700 to 2500 nanometers (nm), which lies between the visible and mid-infrared regions.
Near infrared spectrometries utilize specialized instruments called near infrared spectrometers to measure the absorption and transmission of near infrared light in a given sample. These instruments consist of a near infrared light source, a sample holder or cuvette, and a detector or spectrometer. The near infrared light is typically directed at the sample, and the resulting spectrum of absorbed and transmitted light is collected by the detector. By analyzing the spectrum, information about the chemical composition and physical properties of the sample can be obtained.
Near infrared spectrometries are widely used in various fields including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food and beverage, environmental science, and forensic science, among others. This technique offers numerous advantages such as rapid analysis, non-destructive nature, versatility in sample types, and ability to measure multiple sample properties simultaneously. It is commonly used for qualitative and quantitative analysis, identification of compounds, monitoring of manufacturing processes, quality control, and research applications.
Overall, near infrared spectrometries have proven to be an invaluable tool in modern analytical chemistry, allowing for quick and accurate analysis of a wide range of samples and substances through the interaction of near infrared light with matter.
