Pronunciation: [ˈɛndˈuːɡuː] (IPA) 
The Swahili word "ndugu" is spelled as /ˈnduɡu/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The "n" is pronounced as a dental nasal sound, followed by the "d" and "g" which are pronounced as voiced sounds produced by the tongue and soft palate respectively. The "u" is pronounced as a high back rounded vowel. "Ndugu" means "brother" in Swahili and is commonly used to refer to a male sibling or any male comrade, friend or colleague.
Ndugu is a Swahili term that is commonly used in Eastern Africa, particularly in Kenya and Tanzania. It is a noun that refers to a male sibling or brother. However, its meaning extends beyond biological relationships and can also encompass a broader sense of brotherhood and camaraderie.
In the context of family, ndugu signifies a blood relative who shares at least one parent with another individual. It specifically denotes a male sibling, distinguishing it from the term "dada" which refers to a sister. Ndugu further emphasizes the bond and connection between brothers, exemplifying the importance of family ties and support within the Swahili culture.
Moreover, ndugu extends beyond immediate family ties and is often used to denote a sense of unity and brotherhood within a community or collective. It reflects the values of togetherness, solidarity, and mutual support that are treasured in the Swahili culture. The term promotes a sense of belonging and emphasizes the shared responsibility to uplift and assist one another.
Furthermore, ndugu can also be used as a form of address or salutation to show respect and acknowledge the relationship between individuals, even if they are not directly related. It fosters a sense of familiarity and connection, emphasizing the importance of interpersonal relationships in the Swahili-speaking community.
Overall, ndugu embodies the concept of brotherhood, encompassing familial relationships, community ties, and a spirit of unity and support.
The word "ndugu" has its origins in the East African Bantu languages, particularly Swahili. In Swahili, "ndugu" translates to "sibling" or "brother" in English. It is derived from the Proto-Bantu root word "*-ndugu", which signifies blood relations or a kinship term. The term "ndugu" is commonly used in various contexts, and it is often employed as a respectful form of address to address someone as a brother or sister, even if they are not biologically related.
