MORAL RELATIVISM Meaning and
Definition
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Moral relativism is a philosophical concept that asserts that moral judgments and ethical principles are not universally objective or absolute but instead depend on individual or cultural perspectives. It proposes that there are no universally valid principles which can be applied to all societies or individuals, as morality is subjective and varies across different cultures, historical periods, or even personal beliefs. According to moral relativism, what is considered moral or ethical may differ from one society or individual to another, and there are no universally binding morals or ethical standards.
This notion suggests that morality is shaped by factors such as cultural values, upbringing, personal experiences, and societal norms. It contends that there is no absolute standard by which to judge the moral character of actions, situations, or individuals. Rather, moral judgments are seen as relative to one's personal or cultural context, and no single perspective can claim superiority over others.
Critics of moral relativism argue that it undermines the concept of objective moral truths and allows for immoral actions to be justified under the guise of cultural or individual subjectivity. They posit that certain universal moral principles should be recognized regardless of different backgrounds or perspectives. Meanwhile, proponents argue that moral relativism promotes tolerance, understanding, and respect for diverse viewpoints, further acknowledging the complexity of human morality.
Etymology of MORAL RELATIVISM
The word "moral relativism" is composed of two key terms: "moral" and "relativism".
1. Moral: The term "moral" comes from the Latin word "moralis", which is derived from "mos" meaning "custom" or "manners". It entered the English language in the late 14th century and referred to matters concerning conduct, principles, or ethics.
2. Relativism: The term "relativism" comes from the Latin word "relativus", which means "related" or "referenced". It gained popularity in the 19th century and refers to the philosophical belief that knowledge, truth, and morality are not absolute but relative to a particular perspective, culture, or individual.
