Mononucleosis, also known as glandular fever or kissing disease, is a common viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the herpes virus family. It primarily affects adolescents and young adults, leading to flu-like symptoms and an enlarged spleen.
The term "mononucleosis" is derived from the presence of large, abnormal white blood cells (mononuclear leukocytes) in the bloodstream. These cells are a characteristic feature of this illness and can be identified through a blood test.
The symptoms of mononucleosis typically include fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle aches. The severity of the illness can vary from mild to severe, with symptoms lasting for several weeks or even months in some cases. It is often transmitted through close contact, primarily saliva, hence the nickname "kissing disease".
Treatment for mononucleosis is mainly focused on relieving symptoms through rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Antibiotics are not effective against the viral infection itself, but may be prescribed if a secondary bacterial infection occurs. It is important to allow sufficient time for recovery, as pushing oneself too soon can result in a relapse or the development of complications.
While mononucleosis is generally a self-limiting illness, complications can arise in rare cases, such as liver inflammation, anemia, or a ruptured spleen. Proper rest, hydration, and a healthy lifestyle are recommended to aid in a full recovery from this viral infection.
