Mono ADP ribosyltransferase, also known as MARylation, is a term used to describe an essential enzyme family which plays a crucial role in post-translational modifications within cells. Mono ADP ribosyltransferase enzymes catalyze the transfer of an ADP-ribose moiety from NAD+ (a coenzyme) to specific protein targets. This covalent modification of proteins by the addition of ADP-ribose is known as mono ADP ribosylation.
Mono ADP ribosylation is a reversible process that occurs predominantly in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. It is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including signal transduction, DNA repair, chromatin regulation, transcriptional control, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis.
The process of mono ADP ribosylation is carried out by a diverse group of enzymes, each with their own distinct substrate specificity and cellular localization. These enzymes are responsible for recognizing specific protein targets and catalyzing the transfer of the ADP-ribose group.
Overall, mono ADP ribosyltransferases have a significant impact on the regulation of cellular functions by modulating the activity, stability, and localization of target proteins. The dysregulation of mono ADP ribosylation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immune-related disorders.
In summary, mono ADP ribosyltransferase refers to a group of enzymes that catalyze the addition of ADP-ribose to specific protein substrates, playing a critical role in cellular processes and protein regulation.
