Modern human refers to the species Homo sapiens, which is the only surviving species of the genus Homo. Modern humans are characterized by their complex cognitive abilities, advanced language skills, and the ability to make and use tools. They are distinguished from other hominin species by their anatomical and behavioral characteristics.
Anatomically, modern humans possess several distinct features. They have relatively large brain sizes, averaging around 1350 cc, and a highly developed frontal cortex, responsible for problem-solving, critical thinking, and decision-making. They exhibit a vertical forehead, reduced brow ridges, and a less protruding face compared to other hominins. Modern humans also possess a chin and a high vertical cranial vault.
Behaviorally, modern humans demonstrate advanced cultural capabilities. They have the capacity for symbolic behavior, including the use of language, art, and music. They engage in complex social interactions and have the ability to form and maintain large-scale social networks. Modern humans display a wide range of cultural practices, including tool-making, agriculture, and the development of complex social structures.
Genetically, modern humans are characterized by their specific DNA sequences, distinct from other hominins. They are highly genetically diverse as a species, with varying physical traits and characteristics across different populations. Modern humans arose in Africa approximately 200,000 years ago and subsequently spread across the globe, replacing other hominin species.
In conclusion, modern humans are members of the species Homo sapiens, possessing distinctive anatomical, behavioral, and genetic traits. They represent the most recent and advanced form of human evolution, demonstrating complex cognitive abilities, cultural practices, and adaptability to various environments.
