Mesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome, also known as Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS), is a rare medical condition characterized by a compression of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, caused by the compression of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The SMA is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the lower part of the stomach and the small intestine.
In this syndrome, the SMA and the aorta, the large artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, are positioned abnormally close together, resulting in the duodenum being trapped between them. This compression leads to partial or complete obstruction of the duodenum, which can cause a wide range of symptoms.
Individuals with Mesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome commonly experience severe abdominal pain, especially after eating, as well as nausea, vomiting, bloating, and weight loss. The condition can also lead to malnutrition and dehydration due to insufficient food and liquid intake. The severity of symptoms may vary from person to person.
The diagnosis of Mesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome often involves medical imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the compression and rule out other potential causes of the symptoms.
Treatment options for Mesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome include conservative measures, such as dietary modifications and positioning changes, to reduce symptoms. In more severe cases or when conservative measures fail, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve the compression and restore normal intestinal flow.
