MENTAL CALCULATION Meaning and
Definition
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Mental calculation refers to the ability to perform arithmetic operations or solve mathematical problems without the use of external aids such as calculators, pen and paper, or other computing devices. It involves using one's cognitive capabilities to mentally manipulate numbers, apply mathematical principles, and derive accurate results.
In mental calculation, individuals rely on various techniques and strategies to simplify complex computations, enhance numerical fluency, and improve overall numerical agility. These methods can include mental algorithms, estimation, number sense, and the ability to quickly recognize and apply mathematical patterns. Mental calculation skills can be developed through practice and training, leading to increased speed and accuracy in performing arithmetic operations.
Apart from being a practical skill for quick everyday calculations, mental calculation also exercises the brain, enhances mathematical understanding, and sharpens cognitive abilities such as focus, memory, and logical reasoning. It is particularly valuable in situations where immediate calculation is necessary or when external aids are not available or permitted, such as exams, competitions, or real-life encounters.
Mental calculation has been recognized as an important skill throughout history, with roots traced back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India. In modern education, it continues to be emphasized as a fundamental component of mathematics education at various levels, promoting numeracy, problem-solving, and critical thinking.
Etymology of MENTAL CALCULATION
The word "mental" originates from the late 15th century, derived from Latin "mentalis" which means "of the mind". It is related to the Latin word "mens" meaning "mind". The term "calculation" originates from the Latin word "calculatus", the past participle of "calculare" meaning "to reckon, compute, calculate". "Calculare" itself is derived from the Latin word "calculus" meaning "pebble used in reckoning". So, when combined, "mental calculation" refers to the process of reckoning or computing using one's mind.
