MEDIEVAL MEDICINE Meaning and
Definition
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Medieval medicine refers to the medical practices, knowledge, and beliefs prevalent in Europe during the Middle Ages, from the 5th to the 15th century. Also known as the Medieval period, this era saw the continuation, refinement, and adaptation of medical ideas and practices inherited from primarily ancient Greek and Roman civilizations.
Medieval medicine was heavily influenced by religious beliefs and a limited scientific understanding of the human body. It was shaped by the teachings of prominent figures such as Hippocrates, Galen, and Aristotle, whose works were translated and studied during this time. Medical treatment was often a combination of empirical observations, folklore, superstition, and religious rituals.
The medical practitioners during this period included physicians, barber-surgeons, midwives, and the clergy. Physicians typically had a formal education and adhered to the principles of humoral theory, which emphasized the balance of bodily fluids known as humors. Treatments involved bleeding, purging, and the use of herbal remedies and concoctions.
Medieval medicine also encompassed the concept of the miasma theory, which held that diseases were caused by inhaling foul odors or poisonous vapors in the air. This led to practices like burning aromatic herbs or using incense to purify the air.
In summary, medieval medicine refers to the medical knowledge, practices, and beliefs prevalent during the Middle Ages. It relied on a combination of ancient teachings, religious doctrines, and limited scientific understanding, with treatments based on humoral theory and the miasma theory.
Etymology of MEDIEVAL MEDICINE
The word "medieval" is derived from the Latin word "medium aevum", which translates to "middle age". It refers to the period of European history commonly known as the Middle Ages, spanning roughly from the 5th to the 15th century. During this time, medicine practiced in Europe was significantly influenced by the knowledge and practices of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
The term "medicine" originates from the Latin word "medicina", which was derived from the verb "medeor", meaning "to heal" or "to remedy". The etymology of "medicina" can be traced back to the Latin word "medicus", referring to a physician or medical practitioner.
Therefore, "medieval medicine" refers to the medical practices, knowledge, and treatments prevalent during the Middle Ages in Europe.
