Jewish is an adjective commonly used to describe individuals or things pertaining to Judaism, an ancient religion and culture originating in the Hebrew Bible (also known as the Old Testament). The term Jewish refers to people who are considered part of or identify with the Jewish community, which encompasses a diverse range of religious, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds.
Religiously, Jewish individuals adhere to the tenets and practices of Judaism, including observing religious traditions and rituals, such as Shabbat (the Sabbath), Passover, Hanukkah, or Yom Kippur. Culturally, Jews may share various customs, languages (such as Yiddish or Ladino), and historical experiences that contribute to a broader Jewish identity.
Historically, Jews have faced numerous challenges, including persecution, discrimination, and displacement. However, they have also made significant contributions in various fields such as science, literature, philosophy, and the arts.
The Jewish community is not a monolithic entity and can encompass different denominations or sects, such as Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, or Reconstructionist Judaism, each with its own interpretations and practices.
Lastly, Jewishness can be inherited matrilineally (through the mother) or can be acquired through religious conversion. The term Jewish can thus refer to both the religious and cultural aspects of Judaism and the diverse individuals who identify with it.
