Maxillary neoplasms, also referred to as maxillary tumors, are abnormal and uncontrolled growths or masses that develop within the maxillary region, which constitutes the upper jawbone. These neoplasms can originate from various types of cells found in the maxilla, including the bones, tissues, or glands.
Maxillary neoplasms can be either benign or malignant in nature. Benign tumors are non-cancerous and tend to grow slowly without invading nearby healthy tissues or spreading to other parts of the body. On the other hand, malignant tumors are cancerous and have the potential to infiltrate adjacent structures, metastasize to distant sites, and cause serious health complications.
Common types of maxillary neoplasms include ameloblastoma, osteosarcoma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The exact cause of these tumors is often unknown, although certain risk factors such as smoking, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, family history of cancer, and viral infections may contribute to their development.
Clinical manifestations of maxillary neoplasms can vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor. Symptoms may include pain or swelling in the maxillary area, difficulty in chewing or speaking, facial deformities, loosening of teeth, bleeding, nasal congestion, and weight loss among others.
Diagnosis of maxillary neoplasms typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, imaging techniques (e.g., X-ray, CT scan, MRI), and a biopsy to determine the nature of the growth. Treatment options for maxillary neoplasms may include surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies
