Marasmus refers to a severe form of malnutrition characterized by wasting and emaciation due to a deficiency of calories, protein, and essential nutrients in the diet, particularly during early childhood. It is a condition that primarily affects infants and young children in underprivileged or resource-limited regions, where poverty, food scarcity, and lack of access to healthcare contribute to its prevalence.
The hallmark signs of marasmus include severe weight loss, extreme muscle wasting, and a skeletal appearance. Children with marasmus have a rapid and progressive decline in body fat and muscle tissue, which leads to a diminished ability to grow and develop. Other common symptoms include chronic diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, and a weakened immune system, making children susceptible to infections and complications.
Marasmus is caused by prolonged inadequate intake of essential nutrients, such as calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals. The body's response to the deficiency is to break down its own tissues, including fat and muscle, to provide energy. If left untreated, marasmus can have severe and long-lasting effects on growth, cognitive development, and overall health.
Treatment of marasmus typically involves gradual introduction of nutrient-rich foods, therapeutic foods, and nutritional supplements to restore a balanced and nourishing diet. Medical intervention may also be necessary in severe cases, including hospitalization, intravenous fluids, and treatment of any underlying infections. Prevention of marasmus involves improving access to nutritious foods, promoting breastfeeding, educating communities about proper nutrition, and addressing socio-economic factors that contribute to malnutrition.
