Mansonella is a genus of parasitic nematodes, commonly known as filarial worms, belonging to the family Onchocercidae. These small thread-like worms are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blackflies or midges. The genus Mansonella comprises several species, including Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca, and Mansonella ozzardi.
Infections caused by Mansonella are found in various regions of the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, South America, and certain parts of the Caribbean. Mansonella worms reside and reproduce within the subcutaneous tissues and body cavities of their human hosts.
Mansonella perstans infections are usually asymptomatic, although some individuals may experience mild symptoms such as joint pain, headache, or fatigue. Mansonella streptocerca infections, on the other hand, can lead to dermatological manifestations such as skin rashes, itching, and nodules. Mansonella ozzardi infections are associated with symptoms like abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and other digestive problems.
Diagnosis of Mansonella infections is often made through microscopic examination of blood samples, where the presence of microfilariae (immature worms) can be observed. Treatment options for Mansonella infections typically involve the administration of antiparasitic drugs such as ivermectin or albendazole.
Preventive measures for Mansonella infections primarily rely on the control of vector populations. This may involve the use of insecticides, wearing protective clothing, or avoiding blackfly-infested areas.
