MANPAD is an abbreviated term that stands for "Man-Portable Air-Defense System." It refers to a type of portable surface-to-air missile launcher designed to be operated and carried by a single person or a small group. These systems are commonly used by military forces, paramilitary groups, and insurgent organizations for the defense against low-altitude aerial threats, such as helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft.
A typical MANPAD system consists of a launcher, a missile, and a tracking system. The launcher is lightweight and usually shoulder-fired, allowing easy mobility and quick reaction time. The missile is designed to engage and destroy aircraft targets, utilizing infrared or radar guidance to track, home in, and strike the hostile aircraft. The tracking system, often integrated with the launcher or operated separately, helps the operator acquire, track, and lock onto the target.
MANPADs are known for their simplicity, versatility, and effectiveness in engaging aerial threats within a limited range. They pose a significant threat to both military and civilian aircraft, as they can be easily deployed and concealed by small teams or individual operators. Due to their portability and accessibility, the proliferation of these systems has raised concerns regarding their potential misuse and falling into the hands of non-state actors or terrorists.
Given the potential risks associated with MANPADs, many countries have implemented stringent regulations, export controls, and safeguards to prevent their illicit trade and proliferation. International efforts have also been made to discourage the illicit transfer and acquisition of these systems in order to safeguard global aviation security.
